Is Huck Finn A Racist Book :: Essays Papers

Is Huck Finn A Racist Book Controversial in death as he was in life, Mark Twain has been seriously accused by some of being a "racist writer," whose writing is offensive to black readers, perpetuates cheap slave-era stereotypes, and deserves no place on today's bookshelves. To those of us who have drunk gratefully of Twain's wisdom and humanity, such accusations are ludicrous. But for some people they clearly touch a raw nerve, and for that reason they deserve a serious answer. Let's look at the book that is most commonly singled out for this criticism, the novel that Ernest Hemingway identified as the source of all American literature: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For Twain's critics, the novel is racist on the face of it, and for the most obvious reason: many characters use the word "nigger" throughout. But since the action of the book takes place in the south twenty years before the Civil War, it would be amazing if they didn't use that word. A closer reading also reveals Twain's serious satiric intent. In one scene, for instance, Aunt Sally hears of a steamboat explosion. "Good gracious! anybody hurt?" she asks. "No'm," comes the answer. "Killed a nigger." But anyone who imagines that Mark Twain meant this literally is missing the point. Rather, Twain is using this casual dialogue ironically, as a way to underscore the chilling truth about the old south, that it was a society where perfectly "nice" people didn't consider the death of a black person worth their notice. To drive the point home, Twain has the lady continue: "Well, it's lucky, because sometimes people do get hurt." That's a small case in point. But what is the book really about? It's about nothing less than freedom and the quest for freedom. It's about a slave who breaks the law and risks his life to win his freedom and be reunited with his family, and a white boy who becomes his friend and helps him escape. Because of his upbringing, the boy starts out beli eving that slavery is part of the natural order; but as the story unfolds he wrestles with his conscience, and when the crucial moment comes he decides he will be damned to the flames of hell rather than betray his black friend. And Jim, as Twain presents him, is hardly a caricature. Rather, he is the moral center of the book, a man of courage and nobility, who risks his freedom -- risks his life -- for the sake of his friend Huck.

My Goals in Life

There are aspects in life that have influenced me to have a better future. To begin that, I have set goals to better my life but it will take hard work and commitment to pursue them. It was not until recently when I have decided to get my life started and pursue the dreams that I have always wanted to have. There are three primarily goals in my life I would like to achieve, my personal, academic and career goals. My personal goal is to have a stable financial. My academic goal is to graduate from college with a 3. GPA. As for my career goal, I would like to become a Registered Nurse. At this point in my life, I have realized that money has been an issue. This fact will lead us to my long-term personal goal which is to have a stable financial. It is very important to have a financial stability just in case of emergency or unexpected expenses. To improve my financial status, my intermediate goal is to have my credit cards debts and my loans paid off in two years from today. By doing that, I have made a short term goal, which is to spend less money that I earn, create a financial budget to help me save and to increase the money I earn by making more hours or possibly invest on something. Slowly, I am doing my best to accumulate money every day now. In order to achieve my academic goal, I will have to break many bad habits and dedicate my life to the grades I want in college. My long term academic goal is to major in Nursing in the year of 2015. Pursuing this goal will help get me started on my career path. My intermediate goal is to graduate from Valencia Community College with an A. S. degree and with at least a 3. 0 GPA or higher within two years. To build my GPA to a 3. 0, I must dedicate my time on studying and showing up in class every day. Before, I wasn't as focused and didn't care about school because I had thought that having fun is better than studying but now, I came to realized how academic will help me better my future and it will pay off. Furthermore, my long-term career goal is to get a job as a Registered Nurse by the time I am 28 years old. I love taking care of people and making sure that they have the care that they need. Registered Nurse is also a high paying job and many states are in high demand in nurses. To follow my long term career goal, I have set a intermediate goal. My intermediate goal is to do internships and/or externships in many medical sites; to get the experiences that I need to become one of the best nurse there is. Volunteering in clinics and hospitals will help me closer to my career path. I would have to send out my resumes and keep pushing myself to the top. In conclusion, setting goals are easy, but pursuing them consists of hard working and dedication. By the time I'm 29 years old, I want to be set in life with my personal, academic and career goals. I will have a steady financial within two years from today, by accumulating money. Majoring in Nursing by the year of 2015 and be a graduate student from Valencia Community College with a 3. 0 GPA or higher is my academic goal. Lastly, my career goal is to be a Registered Nurse by the age of 28. I am ready to live my life. My Goals in Life I have many goals in my life, and I have learned to categorize them into short term, midterm, and long term goals. Doing so helps me keep my focus on what is immediate, and what it takes to make the long-term goals happen. It also allows me to keep my visions clear and in tune to what I want to achieve. Earning my MBA First, I want to earn my Masters in Business Administration degree. I know that this will prepare me for the life I want. More than the title, I want an MBA degree because I know that it will give me the appropriate knowledge that I need to put up my own business in the future. A formal education in business, especially that which is post-graduate, will also give me the proper training. It will be my baptism of fire into the world of business because it will detach me from the school-based business setting and move me into the real business world. Like Odysseus who had been in many adventures and conquests, most of them with complete uncertainty, it is my job to prepare myself to whatever can happen. Odysseus had instances where he hoped for good luck and relied in prayer and it showed how uncertain he and his colleagues were in their adventures. As factual as the story is, luck will sometimes turn towards me or otherwise. I know that I should be prepared no matter what happens. I deem formal education as a step for doing this. Success in business When I have finished my MBA, I can then take steps to make my next dream materialize. I want to be a businessman, managing my own business and giving products or services that people will want to buy. I want to be successful in the initiatives that I will undertake. Because I have all the proper knowledge, I know this is possible. I will study the possibilities well before starting my enterprise. I will think of a venture or merchandise that is incomparable with others. It could be something new like a new product or service, or something that can enhance what people already have. It will really be hard to pinpoint which industry at this time because it will largely depend on what the environment the business sector has at that time. I will then make a comprehensive feasibility study about my chosen field. Like pursuing my MBA, I will treat handling my business like a continuous opportunity for studying. I will give myself the chance to explore the new boundaries in the field that I will choose. I know that this will expand my knowledge and abilities as well as enhance my skills. Like Odysseus who remained true to the things that he envisioned, I should have a can-go attitude at all times. Settling down Success in business is only half of my accomplishments. I also aspire for a complete personal life. I can only achieve this by getting married. I view settling down with the person I love. We shall stay somewhere we both like, and have our own family. Most probably, we will be having children right after we get married. It is my goal to be able to provide for my family. I want to be able to answer all of their needs and, if possible, their wants. I also want to impart in them the lessons I have learned in life and hope that they will apply them in their own convictions. If this happens I am sure that they can lead good and productive lives that they will never even once regret. I know this because I am sure that making the right choices in life will do them good. Interconnection These goals are interconnected. I know that even if they have to happen at different times in my life, not achieving one will greatly affect the way that I can do the others. For instance, when I do not get my MBA I know that I will miss a lot of lessons that can help get my business started. I will likewise find it hard to get my business going. When I do not get successful in my business, it will also be difficult for me to provide for my family. Because this is the way that I want to work and earn a living, if I cannot be successful in my business I will have to struggle or maybe have to work in a company instead of being the boss of my own firm. I know that this will be difficult for me. Yet like Odysseus, I should consider that life is filled with trials. Things will not always go as planned. It takes prayers and actions to get things done, yet even in the times when one prays and acts a lot it is still not possible to achieve something that is not meant to be. People around should also be considered as they can make or break one’s dreams. Looking at these teachings from the classic literature, one conclusion comes to mind: we have our goals and we should do every thing that can make them happen, but we should equally be prepared for the diversions that will surely come our way. It is a lesson well learned. My Goals in Life I have many goals in my life, and I have learned to categorize them into short term, midterm, and long term goals. Doing so helps me keep my focus on what is immediate, and what it takes to make the long-term goals happen. It also allows me to keep my visions clear and in tune to what I want to achieve. Earning my MBA First, I want to earn my Masters in Business Administration degree. I know that this will prepare me for the life I want. More than the title, I want an MBA degree because I know that it will give me the appropriate knowledge that I need to put up my own business in the future. A formal education in business, especially that which is post-graduate, will also give me the proper training. It will be my baptism of fire into the world of business because it will detach me from the school-based business setting and move me into the real business world. Like Odysseus who had been in many adventures and conquests, most of them with complete uncertainty, it is my job to prepare myself to whatever can happen. Odysseus had instances where he hoped for good luck and relied in prayer and it showed how uncertain he and his colleagues were in their adventures. As factual as the story is, luck will sometimes turn towards me or otherwise. I know that I should be prepared no matter what happens. I deem formal education as a step for doing this. Success in business When I have finished my MBA, I can then take steps to make my next dream materialize. I want to be a businessman, managing my own business and giving products or services that people will want to buy. I want to be successful in the initiatives that I will undertake. Because I have all the proper knowledge, I know this is possible. I will study the possibilities well before starting my enterprise. I will think of a venture or merchandise that is incomparable with others. It could be something new like a new product or service, or something that can enhance what people already have. It will really be hard to pinpoint which industry at this time because it will largely depend on what the environment the business sector has at that time. I will then make a comprehensive feasibility study about my chosen field. Like pursuing my MBA, I will treat handling my business like a continuous opportunity for studying. I will give myself the chance to explore the new boundaries in the field that I will choose. I know that this will expand my knowledge and abilities as well as enhance my skills. Like Odysseus who remained true to the things that he envisioned, I should have a can-go attitude at all times. Settling down Success in business is only half of my accomplishments. I also aspire for a complete personal life. I can only achieve this by getting married. I view settling down with the person I love. We shall stay somewhere we both like, and have our own family. Most probably, we will be having children right after we get married. It is my goal to be able to provide for my family. I want to be able to answer all of their needs and, if possible, their wants. I also want to impart in them the lessons I have learned in life and hope that they will apply them in their own convictions. If this happens I am sure that they can lead good and productive lives that they will never even once regret. I know this because I am sure that making the right choices in life will do them good. Interconnection These goals are interconnected. I know that even if they have to happen at different times in my life, not achieving one will greatly affect the way that I can do the others. For instance, when I do not get my MBA I know that I will miss a lot of lessons that can help get my business started. I will likewise find it hard to get my business going. When I do not get successful in my business, it will also be difficult for me to provide for my family. Because this is the way that I want to work and earn a living, if I cannot be successful in my business I will have to struggle or maybe have to work in a company instead of being the boss of my own firm. I know that this will be difficult for me. Yet like Odysseus, I should consider that life is filled with trials. Things will not always go as planned. It takes prayers and actions to get things done, yet even in the times when one prays and acts a lot it is still not possible to achieve something that is not meant to be. People around should also be considered as they can make or break one’s dreams. Looking at these teachings from the classic literature, one conclusion comes to mind: we have our goals and we should do every thing that can make them happen, but we should equally be prepared for the diversions that will surely come our way. It is a lesson well learned.

Research Paper on Stereotype Threat

Stereotype Threat in a High Stakes Testing Environment Jennifer J. Krebs Wilkes University Abstract Given the rapidly changing demographics of today’s classrooms combined with the high-stakes testing environment created by the passage of No Child Left Behind, it is important to understand potential explanations for the persistence of achievement gaps. Explanations for the achievement gap have included high populations of English Language Learners (ELLs), socioeconomic issues, lack of resources at the school, teacher, and student levels, and even inherent differences in the intellectual abilities of stereotyped and non-stereotyped groups.A theory developed by Steele and Aronson, called stereotype threat, provided a radical view into how knowledge of stereotypes affects performance (McKown & Strambler, 2009). Stereotype threat is the experience of anxiety or concern in a situation where a person has the potential to confirm a negative stereotype about their social group. The pur pose of this research was to determine how and when children begin to develop knowledge of stereotypes and how stereotype threat affects academic performance. IntroductionThe diversity of student demographics increases every day. Therefore, teachers must be increasingly more aware of the cultural differences and challenges that students from diverse backgrounds bring to school. Not only are these students likely to learn differently based on their cultural expectations, but these students are also likely to possess knowledge of commonly held social stereotypes which can negatively impact their performance (McKown & Strambler, 2009). The current emphasis on high-stakes testing makes the achievement of all students extremely important.Experimental research into performance gaps was limited prior to a groundbreaking study that focused on the possibility of stereotype threat. First described by social psychologist Claude Steele and his colleagues, stereotype threat (ST) has been shown t o reduce the performance of individuals who belong to negatively stereotyped groups (McKown & Strambler, 2009). Since its introduction into the academic literature in 1995, stereotype threat has become one of the most widely studied topics in the field of psychology.However, a major assumption of this theory was that children possess knowledge of commonly held social stereotypes. In order to address this assumption, the following qualitative studies were implemented to determine how and when children begin to develop knowledge of stereotypes. This research is combined with quantitative studies to determine how ST affects academic performance. Method Schaffer and Skinner (2009) examined student interactions within four fourth grade classrooms at a diverse public school in the southeastern United States.Upon observing student interactions and conducting interviews, the researchers discovered several patterns. First, white children were less likely to engage in explicit race talk, whil e black students frequently engaged in openly racial discussions and often used commonly held stereotypes to identify themselves. Second, most minority students who performed at the high end of the class and participated in challenging academic programs relied heavily on racial stereotypes to bridge the social gap between themselves and their racial peers.These students sought to distance themselves from the white students with whom they took advanced classes. Third, white students were more likely to describe students of other races as â€Å"loud† or â€Å"troublemaking† (Schaffer & Skinner, 2009). These observations suggest that students were not only aware of commonly held stereotypes, but strategically used them to organize their social world and dictate social functions. Another study, which examined high school students, suggested that these trends continue as students mature rather than diminish. Lisa M.Nunn (2011) observed six classrooms across three different high schools, and conducted 57 interviews with students to determine the ways in which students’ classroom interactions reflected ideas about commonly held stereotypes. In one school, nearly half of the students interviewed said that race matters for school success. At another school, students expressed frustration with being racial targets and felt they had done nothing to provoke degrading views from their classmates. Furthermore, in a remedial English classroom consisting of eight students, the researcher noticed a ommon occurrence. Five of the students in this classroom were Latino, and three were white. The white students all had learning disabilities which hindered their language usage, while the Latino students’ only handicap was that English was not their native language (Nunn, 2011). Combining ELLs with students with disabilities effectively treats the native language of ELLs as a learning disability. Between the racial views of the students and the systematic reinforcement of prejudices, it is easy to understand why students tend to hold views that race matters for success.The question that remains is how does this knowledge of stereotypes affect student academic performance? McKown and Strambler (2009) conducted a study of 124 students ranging in age from grades K-4 in a suburban Chicago area. The students were given a series of vignettes to determine their ability to identify stereotypes and then placed in diagnostic or non-diagnostic groups to complete performance tasks. Consistent with prior research, minority participants in the diagnostic group performed worse than in the non-diagnostic group; and majority participants performed equally well in both groups (McKown & Strambler, 2009).Desert, Preaux, and Jund (2009) administered Raven’s APM to 153 children within first and third grades. In the diagnostic group, students were given the standard administration instructions as provided in the Raven’s APM Administration Ma nual. In the non-diagnostic group, students were given instructions explaining that the test was actually a series of games that the researchers developed and were testing to determine their appropriateness for the students’ age groups.Researchers stratified the results based on socioeconomic status, arguing that negative stereotypes about the performance of low-SES students could result in ST. The results of the study showed that low-SES students in the diagnostic group performed significantly worse than those in the non-diagnostic group. The performance of high SES students did not differ significantly among the two groups (Desert, Preaux, & Jund, 2009). These results suggested that children in the early elementary years are not immune to ST, even on a test that is supposed to be culture free. While all of these experiments support he theory of ST, one of the strongest arguments to date relies heavily on developing technologies. Derks, Inzlicht, and Kang (2008) offered an o verview of breakthroughs in social neuroscience research that highlighted biological factors underlying conditions of stereotype threat. The researchers discussed several experiments that used functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and event-related potentials (ERP) to measure the neurological activities of participants when asked to perform tasks under diagnostic and non-diagnostic conditions.One study tested women under mathematical performance stereotypes and found that the conflict monitoring systems of the brain showed a mis-regulation of neural responses. This information supported the hypothesis that emotions aroused by ST conditions lead to a decrease in cognitive ability. The decrease in ability occurred because emotion-regulation centers of the brain experienced increased activity while areas of the brain associated with academic performance and cognition experienced decreased activity. The researchers cautioned that neuroscience expe riments in the area are too new to allow for generalizations and definitive findings.However, they argued that development of this area is crucial to the study and understanding of stereotype threat (Derks, Inzlicht, & Kang, 2008). Results The assumption that the performance gap between stereotyped and non-stereotyped groups is solely rooted in cultural differences and limitations of students’ background is restrictive. Research has shown that there is also a factor of social psychological threat related to knowledge and perceptions of stereotypes, which can depress test scores of stereotyped individuals.The use of high-stakes testing in an overall environment of racial inequality perpetuates that inequality through the emotional and psychological power of the tests over the test-takers. While researchers have begun to delve into the intricacies as to how stereotype threat causes decreases in performance and other negative effects, there is still much research that needs to b e conducted in order to completely understand the mechanisms that underlie the performance deficits that occur as a result of stereotype threat. ConclusionIn conclusion, stereotype threat is a pervasive phenomenon that has the ability to impact a variety of individuals in a number of ways. Current research offers us insight as to what stereotype threat is, how it impacts individuals, what mechanisms drive the relationship between stereotype threat and performance, and how we can begin to remediate some of the damaging impacts of this threat. Since the current emphasis on high-stakes testing does not appear to be diminishing, teachers and mentors should at a minimum equip students with knowledge about the possible effects of stereotype threat.In this way, proactive strategies might transform a powerless situation into one where students are actively participating in discussions that illuminate the complexities and strengths of their educational futures. Teacher education programs sho uld review their course curriculum and address any gaps in the discussion of standardized testing and methods to improve test scores. Changing test directions from diagnostic to non-diagnostic, educating students in malleable intelligence theories, and reducing the general stress of the testing environment are all methods which could be implemented.References Derks, B. , Inzlicht, M. , & Kang, S. (2008). The neuroscience of stigma and stereotype threat. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 11(2), 163-181. Desert, M. , Preaux, M. , & Jund, R. (2009). So young and already victims of stereotype threat: Socio-economic status and performance of 6 to 9 years old children on Raven’s progressive matrices. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 24, 207-218. McKown, C. & Strambler, M. J. (2009).Developmental antecedents and social academic consequences of stereotype-consciousness in middle childhood. Child Development, 80, 1643-1659. Nunn, L. (2011). Classrooms as racialized s paces: Dynamics of collaboration, tension, and student attitudes in urban and suburban high schools. Urban Education, 46, 1226-1255. Schaffer, R. & Skinner, D. G. (2009). Performing race in four culturally diverse fourth grade classrooms: Silence, race talk, and the negotiation of social boundaries. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 40, 277-296.

Chanel Analysis Swot, 6 P’s

GAC002 Assessment Event 4: Academic Reseacher Essay| The Fast Food Industry| | | Student’s Name: Alexandra Student ID: QING21632 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: August 27th 2012 Word Count: 1162 Word Count: 979 Student’s Name: Alexandra Student ID: QING21632 Teacher: Lynken Ghose Due Date: August 27th 2012 Word Count: 1162 Word Count: 979 Question: Define the idea of â€Å"fast food†. How has fast food affected the food industry in China? Has it become a more prevalent or less prevalent force? Would you say its impact has been positive or negative? Please do not offer just a simplistic answer such as – â€Å"positive† or â€Å"negative†.Offer specific reasons including ethical implications, economic implications, and health effect etc. of fast food. With the pace of life speeding up, people increasingly depend on fast food. Many people prefer to eat fast food rather than cook by themselves, because fast food is more convenient and time â€⠀œ saving. In my opinion, people should not depend on fast food too much because fast food’s impact has been negative, as fast food has endangered people’s health, family life, traditional culture, and has even caused ecological change to the environment.Firstly, the safety of fast food ingredients is really worrisome. During the last several years, more and more safety problems of fast food have been exposed by the media. For example, many restaurants add too many preservatives to fast food in order to maintain the freshness of food, or they added varying additives to enrich the taste and look of food. It is really bad for people’s health and many kinds of preservatives and additives are subject to blastomogens, such as tonyred, leavening agent, benzoyl peroxide, and so on.In addition, in order to reduce cost, more and more restaurants choose to use inferior seasonings. For example, industrial salt instead of edible salt is used as seasoning. It is known to us all that the main ingredient of industrial salt is nitrite which is a kind of poisonous and harmful substance and its lethal dose is only 3g (E Hyytia, S Eerola, S Hielm & H Korkeala 1997). Furthermore, some fast food which is subject to acid-forming diet and will lead to the souring of body fluid if people depend on them overly (Cheng, Tsung O. 2004).Then, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and some other elements in our bodies will be neutralized, so more and more children are suffering rickets and other kinds of diseases which are caused by a lack of calcium. Secondly, fast food reduces communication time among family members, so that intimacy is affected. Dinner time is supposed to be a good chance for family members to chat and communicate with each other. After a tiring day of school and the company, children and parents are eager to exchange something interesting or exciting. Not only the time in table, even preparation time and dish washing time should be spent together.Thatâ₠¬â„¢s how family love and happiness is developed. However, with the development of fast food, dinner time has changed into pizza time, coke time and hamburger time. You only need to make a call. They would deliver what you order in fifteen minutes without anytime to enjoy taste of home – made food, the faithful fast food lovers finish the dinner as soon as possible and then take out the remote control, watching football games or soap operas. No wonder parents often complain about strange feelings with children. Thirdly, fast food, especially western fast food, has a negative impact on local traditional culture (Goodman, Peter S. 004). There is no doubt that diet is one part of traditional culture. Take China for example. China is an agricultural country, so Chinese people have always regarded diet as a very important part of life. Chinese people not only care about nutrition, but also love good taste and appearance. As for cooking methods, we can boil, steam, stir, stew and s moke. More importantly, we love quality time when we are sitting with family or friends, chatting and laughing. However, when KFC opened its first restaurant in Beijing on November 12th 1987, traditional culture began to decline.Later, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Burger King, Subway entered to China one by one, and they changed the younger generations thinking about food. At the very beginning, Chinese people entered KFC because of curiosity. Later the young generation was attracted by fast food culture. They even regard it as a fashion. The traditional dietary culture can’t have a good development without the support of younger generation. Fourthly, fast food industry is harmful to the environment. The main ingredient of western fast food is meat, including pork, beef and chicken.To produce one pound of meat one needs five pounds of grains. The quantity of water used in animal farming is eight times that of in plant farming. That is to say producing meat uses more resource s. When the globe is having more and more population, resources, such as water, soil and grain, are valuable. We should eat less meat and refuse fast food to protect environment. However, it doesn’t mean that fast food has no advantages. Eating fast food is helpful for us to work efficiently, so, so many people still choose eating fast food as often as they can.In addition, many people, especially young people, regard eating in western fast food restaurant as a kind of symbol of taste. Since young people don’t have much money, they can’t afford fancy restaurants. When they eat out, they have to choose between small Chinese restaurants and western fast food restaurants. When they enter these small restaurants, they often see greasy floor and tables, smell smoking air and hear noisy talking. But things are quite different in western fast food restaurants. You will be served with clean floor, warm smile and peaceful environment.That’s why young people would choose to meet friends, review their lesson and surf the Internet there. Because of these factors, western fast food restaurants have become a symbol of style and class. However, their idea goes against the purpose of fast food. Fast food is supposed to save time, but when they are surfing the Internet or chatting with friends, they are wasting too much time. Reference Cheng, Tsung O. 2004. Fast food, automobiles, television, and obesity epidemic in Chinese children. International Journal of Cardiology. 98 (1): 173-174. Goodman, Peter S. 2004.Fast Food Takes a Bite Out of Chinese Culture. Washington Post, December 26. Patricia M Anderson & Xiaohong He (1999), Culture and the Fast – Food Marketing Mix in the People’s Republic of China and the USA: Implication for Research and Marketing: Vol 11. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1: 77 – 95. Available at: http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J046v11n01_06 E Hyytia, S Eerola, S Hielm & H Korkeala (1997), Sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate in control of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum outgrowth and toxigenesis in vacuum-packed cold-smoked rainbow trout. Online]. Available at: http://journals. indexcopernicus. com/abstracted. php? icid=756375 S Rice, E J McAllister and N V Dhurandhar (2007), International Journal of obesity Fast food: friendly? [Online]. Available at: http://www. nature. com/ijo/journal/v31/n6/abs/0803580a. html Rasooly, Avraham and Herold, Keith E (2006), Biosensors for the Analysis of Food- and Waterborne Pathogens and Their Toxins[Online]. Available at: http://www. ingentaconnect. com/content/aoac/jaoac/2006/00000089/00000003/art00034#aff_2

'Winning the vote made little difference to women's status in Essay

'Winning the vote made little difference to women's status in political life.' Discuss - Essay Example Discrimination against women was on the rise not only in politics but also in the working places. Most of the top jobs and management positions were held by the men especially in the agricultural farms and other industries. This therefore reflected the wages that were paid to the women and men had big differences. It is because of these discriminations that led to the establishment of women movements to push for their rights and betterment of their lives with regard to the political democracy. The movement for women suffrage played a vital role in the process that led to women winning the vote and increased women representatives in political positions. This process was very important in the history of Britain since it made a turning point in the political arena as it resulted into women being given equal opportunities in political positions and increased diversity of representation. However, this development has not fully transformed the lives of women with regard to politics and the re are still certain levels of suppression against women. This includes discriminations and inequality in works, low wages, gender roles discrimination and lack of equal representation in political positions among other inequalities. The movement for women’s Suffrage as mentioned earlier was very instrumental in this process. It played an important role in the mobilization of women from different parts of the nation as well as different women from low, middle and high class. This movement can be described as the vehicle that was used by the women in their achievement of political democracy and equal opportunities (Lovenduski, 1986). It organized protests across the nation in favor of the rights of women to vote. The efforts of Edwardian ladies during their protests in which they participated in chaotic protests that demanded for the rights of women to vote were very significant in the Britain. Cotton workers especially those from the Lancashire mainly campaigned for the women ’s suffrage movement in the farms, mills as well as within the factories in England. As stated by Ford (1997), women’s suffrage movement was one of the biggest women movements in Britain. However, this movement together with others had their own challenges. During the initial stages of the movement, the major participants were the middle class women together with the other women who worked in the increasing capitalist class. Most of these women were actually involve in the radical campaign for the abolition of slavery, the problems with the Corn Laws, the ruling ideologies among many other ideas that they felt were discriminatory against the women. The ruling ideology during this time provided a clear difference between the men and women in which the men were given the clear control over the women. The married women had to seek directions from their husbands even in political issues that affected their lives and hence remained a property of their husbands. The movement for women’s suffrage was also concerned about the divorce laws that never gave them the opportunity to take control of their lives, property, earnings as well as higher education and advancement in career and professional opportunities. These efforts resulted into women winning some of the rights after the end of that century. Women were given the rights to participate in the voting in the local elections. However, these were restricted to their qualifications and with regard to the property rights. As a result, not all the women participated in the elections but only few who met the qualifications mentioned above. This means that the right to vote was still not open to all women.

Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project - Research Paper Example Through the course of its contents this research project highlights areas in the hotel that need improvement and based on research, proposes solutions to said problem areas. Methodology This research project provides analysis of research material pertaining to the effective, strategic and efficient management of a hotel and includes a detailed stakeholder analysis by drawing on that research. Limits of Research The methodologies and strategies mentioned in this research project are generally applicable to any enterprise in the hospitality industry; however, some limitations may arise in very specific cases where a more customized approach may be necessary. Critical Analysis and Recommendations Hospitality and tourism are two of the world’s industries that are experiencing the most dynamic and rising growth levels. Combining the two industries are entrepreneurial ventures regarding hotels which become a bridge between the hospitality and tourism industries. Slattery (2002) talk s about how in this modern day and age the element of ‘hospitality’ has been lost from the hospitality industry due a more industrialized approach towards hospitality ventures. According to this paper, this element has been impaired by the industrialized commercial vision and to restore it we need to understand hospitality as a â€Å"social phenomenon involving relationships between people† and thus incorporate the â€Å"social factor† in the provision of services in any hospitality business. This research further goes on to say that to better understand hospitality we need to understand how it works in private settings, for example that of a nuclear family. Insight from this setting will make hospitality ventures better able to provide food, accommodation and other services. However, focus shouldn’t be limited to private settings for hospitality enterprises are after all business ventures and requires a very important commercial market interaction. The venture can be successful only if adequate attention is paid to all three domains. (Slattery, 1998). Further, the nature of hospitality is of crucial importance for hotels and their effective management. However, this aspect is mostly overlooked. To be more effective, management needs to factor in aspects of human behavior to better understand how to serve their clients in a more superior manner. (Brotherton and Wood, 2007). A feasibility study is also important and may take the developers months to collect the data that provides enough favorable economic argument to build a hotel. (Rutherford and O’Fallen, 2007). This is a very important step and must not be missed because future operational success builds on it. Another major concern in the modern world of globalization, expansion and technological progress is that businesses should be more concerned about ‘going green’ and not waste the earth’s resources that are available for their consumption, bu t devise ways through which these resources can be conserved. Hotels are a business in which the energy and resource consumption levels are high because they entertain a lot of people at one time. However due to their extensive consumption patterns they also have a higher responsibility to conserve resources and energy. Hotels, like other hospitality businesses are supposed to factor in sustainability and work to reduce their environmental footprint. Hotels that are conscious of this and appropriately address issues of

Should gays & lesbians be allowed to serve in the U.S. military Research Paper

Should gays & lesbians be allowed to serve in the U.S. military - Research Paper Example Homosexuals need to be allowed the same opportunities as other people. Their sexual orientation does not make them lesser beings, and it should not be used as an excuse to bar them from doing things that they want to do (Carter 233). I support the idea of having gays and lesbians in the US military, regardless of whether they practice homosexuality or not. I do not see how why this group of well-meaning citizens should be judged for their sexual orientation and yet they are willing to risk their lives for the sake of this great country. For someone to sacrifice his life for the sake of his country and country folk, it requires a remarkable sense of bravery (Bourg 429). Instead of being viewed as unwanted people, gay men and lesbians wanting to join the military should be treated like the heroes they are. The introduction of the â€Å"don’t ask, don’t tell† policy has greatly improved matters for the gay and lesbian community in America (Carter 233). Homosexuals a re no longer required to disclose their sexuality on the enlistment forms. The policy also disallowed any military official investigating the sexual orientation of military officers. This gave homosexuals more freedom and confidence in applying for military positions. No one should be harassed just because they have a different sexual orientation from others. ... If one is to be discriminated against because of something that he or she cannot change, then that is very unfortunate because it would be tantamount to denying them their fundamental rights as citizens of America (Bourg 430). Being different should not be viewed as a weakness or as a moral wrong, rather society should embrace everyone since we all have something positive to share with others. Tolerating and accepting the gay and lesbian community may be a tall order for some people, but this should not be the case. Many gay men and lesbian women have served this country in different aspects with honor (Carter 234). When people say that homosexuals should not serve in the military, what they are portraying is fear about things that might never happen in the first place. This fear is unwarranted because it is obvious that homosexuals live very peacefully with other people, it would not be different in the military. The standard that needs to be upheld in the military is not gender ori entation; rather a lot of emphasis should be on attitude and behavior (Johnson 133). If the gays and lesbians have the right kind of attitude and behavior for military service, then there should be no problem enlisting them. There is no evidence showing that one’s sexuality may determine one’s efficiency at work. The only thing that comes in the way of efficiency is one’s determination or the lack of it. If a homosexual is therefore determined to keep the United States and the citizens safe, I think that he or she should be given the chance. If gays and lesbians are barred from military service, then what is to be said of their fundamental rights and liberties as Americans? The American constitution is categorical in the provision of equality in